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农用薄膜残留污染问题日益严重,《农用薄膜管理办法(试行)》征求意见
2019-12-09
16:59:07
来源:农机网整理发布 阅读量:37717
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导读:2019年1月1日起施行的《中华人民共和国土壤污染防治法》第三十条明确规定,农业投入品生产者、销售者和使用者应当及时回收农用薄膜,具体办法由国务院农业农村主管部门会同国务院生态环境等主管部门制定。
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农机网 热点关注】农用薄膜是重要的农业生产资料,我国农用薄膜覆盖面积大、应用范围广,在增加农作物产量、提高品质、丰富
农产品供给结构等方面发挥了重要作用。但由于重使用、轻回收,回收主体不落实等原因,部分地区农用薄膜残留污染问题日益严重,已成为制约农业绿色发展的突出环境问题。
2019年1月1日起施行的《中华人民共和国土壤污染防治法》第三十条明确规定,农业投入品生产者、销售者和使用者应当及时回收农用薄膜,具体办法由国务院农业农村主管部门会同国务院生态环境等主管部门制定。
日前,根据《中华人民共和国土壤污染防治法》的要求,农业农村部牵头研究起草了《农用薄膜管理办法(试行)(征求意见稿)》。征求意见稿分为总则,生产、销售和使用,回收和再利用,监督检查,附则五章,共计25条,主要规定了五方面内容。
(一)建立全链条监管体制
农用薄膜管理涉及面广,只有从生产、销售、使用、回收、再利用等环节实施全链条监督管理,才能实现改善农业生态环境,推进农业绿色发展的目的,需要建立一个多部门分工配合的管理体制。
因此,征求意见稿遵循全过程监督管理的思路,规定:
一是地方各级人民政府依法对本行政区域农用薄膜污染防治负责,组织、协调、督促有关部门依法履行农用薄膜污染防治监督管理职责。
二是明确了农业农村、工业和信息化、市场监督管理、生态环境等部门在农用薄膜监督管理中的相应职责。
(二)规范生产、销售和使用行为
为了便于产品追溯和市场监管,规范生产者、销售者、使用者在生产、销售和使用环节的行为,征求意见稿规定:
一是生产者应当执行农用薄膜相关标准,在产品上添加企业标识,对全生物降解农用薄膜和非全生物降解农用薄膜在产品合格证上标注的内容进行区分,建立农用薄膜出厂销售记录。
二是薄膜销售者应当依法查验农用薄膜产品的包装、标签、质量检验合格证,不得采购和销售未达到国家强制性标准的农用薄膜,不得将非农用薄膜销售给农用薄膜使用者,建立销售台账。
三是使用者应当按照产品标签标注的期限使用农用薄膜,农业生产企业、农民专业合作社等使用者应当依法建立农用薄膜使用记录。同时,对生产、销售和使用记录的内容和保存期限作出规定。
(三)落实回收责任
按照《中华人民共和国土壤污染防治法》第三十条要求,生产者、销售者、使用者都是农用薄膜的回收主体,为落实不同主体的回收责任,征求意见稿规定:农用薄膜使用者应当在使用期限到期前捡拾田间的非全生物降解农用薄膜废弃物,交至回收网点或回收工作者,不得随意弃置、掩埋或者焚烧;农用薄膜生产者、销售者、回收网点、废旧农用薄膜回收再利用企业或其他组织等应当开展合作,采取多种方式,建立健全农膜回收利用体系,推动废旧农膜回收、处理和再利用。
(四)鼓励废旧农用薄膜再利用
为鼓励技术创新,提高农用薄膜的利用水平,推进绿色发展,征求意见稿规定:
一是鼓励研发、推广农用薄膜回收技术与机械,开展废旧农用薄膜再利用。
二是支持废旧农用薄膜再利用企业按照规定享受用地、用电、用水、信贷、税收等优惠政策,扶持从事废旧农用薄膜再利用的社会化服务组织和企业。地方政府建立农用薄膜回收激励政策。
(五)明确监督检查措施和法律责任
一是规定了农用薄膜残留监测制度,由县级以上地方人民政府农业农村部门应当定期开展本行政区域的农用薄膜残留监测。
二是规定了农用薄膜市场监管制度,由县级以上人民政府市场监督管理部门定期开展本行政区域的农用薄膜市场监督检查。
三是明确生产、销售不符合强制性标准的农用薄膜,以及未及时回收农用薄膜,应当承担相应的法律责任,分别按照《中华人民共和国产品质量法》《中华人民共和国土壤污染防治法》等规定处理。
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