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西安:锻长板 补短板 系统发力解好创建“必答题”

2023-01-05 08:45:04 来源:陕西省农业机械化发展中心 阅读量:15178 评论

导读:12月28日,农业农村部印发《关于公布全国第七批率先基本实现主要农作物生产全程机械化示范县(市、区)名单的通知》。

  【农机网 地方农机】器利桑农,春华秋实。最美丽的风景,总在追赶超越的征途上。12月28日,农业农村部印发《关于公布全国第七批率先基本实现主要农作物生产全程机械化示范县(市、区)名单的通知》,陕西省西安市临潼区被正式命名为全国第七批率先基本实现主要农作物生产全程机械化示范区。
 
  三年创建征途,西安市农业农村部门科学谋划,整合政策、资金、项目等要素,精准发力锻长板、补短板,全力支持临潼区提升农机装备支撑能力和生产的组织化水平,主要农作物生产综合机械化率提高到95.8%,耕整地、种植、植保、收割、烘干、秸秆处理全环节各项指标均超过国家创建目标,初步构建起了支撑现代农业发展的农机装备体系。
 
  一、高点谋划+一体统筹,全面贯彻“强农”部署
 
  春季田间化除作业
 
  没有农业机械化,就没有农业农村现代化。西安市把创建全国主要农作物全程机械化生产示范区作为贯彻落实中、省、市关于全面推进乡村振兴的主抓手,坚持“跳出农机看农机、围绕大局抓农机”,提出了以推动转变农业发展方式为统揽,以创新农机化发展模式为导向,以调整优化农机装备结构,提高农作物生产全程机械化水平和质量为重点的创建理念。按照这一理念,临潼区委区政府将创建工作列入 2022 年全区“九方面”重点工作进行部署;市、区农业农村部门明确创建任务表和路线图,邀请部、省专家成立创建技术指导组,从组织上、技术上为创建提供有力保障;市农业农村局以省、市农机化项目为抓手,农机购置补贴、农机作业补助、农业技术示范等项目全部向创建倾斜。形成“市级谋划、区级统筹、农业牵头、部门协作、一体推进”的工作格局。
 
  二、补齐短板+优化结构,全程提升农机装备水平
 
  小麦联合收割机收获作业
 
  工欲善其事必先利其器。农机是先进农业生产力的“武器装备”,必须要精、要良、要强。三年创建,临潼区围绕新旧动能转换,针对复式播种、粮食烘干机和高效植保等农业生产的薄弱环节,综合运用行政推动、技术引领和省市财政资金撬动,装备植保无人机、复式播种机、烘干机械等机具145台(件),努力补齐短板。同时,用足中央农机购置补贴资金,对新型高效绿色节能机具做到优先补贴、应补尽补,更新大型、复式、智能化、信息化的高质、高效装备近2000 台套,其中大马力拖拉机、联合收割机、免耕播种机、植保无人机等高端先进农机装备占比达到85%以上。实现了农机装备由小马力向大马力、由单项作业向复合作业、由机械化向智能化过度的大转变。
 
  三、建强龙头+促进融合,全力培育农机化经营主体
 
  玉米联合收割机收获作业
 
  农机专业合作社和农机大户是农机化转型升级的承载者实施者。三年创建,临潼区坚持强化农机合作社标准化建设和规范管理,积极引导其向产前、产中、产后延伸经营范围,壮大自身发展。全区12家农机合作社实现从了耕种收为主向专业化植保、秸秆处理、产地烘干等全过程延伸,承担起全区 80%以上的机收、机播、秸秆还田和农机深松作业任务。争创了国家级示范社 2 家,省级示范社 2 家,市级示范社 4 家,实现了快速发展。同时,探索创建合作社联盟,把中小农机合作社、家庭农场、种植大户横向联合起来,合理配置服务资源,发展“全程机械化+综合农事服务”等新业态,实行订单作业、全程托管、集约服务,减少农机资源闲置,实现下联小农户,上联大市场的组织化、规模化、集约化生产,为小农户更好地提供了全程机械化生产服务。
 
  四、典型引领+示范带动,全景打造农机化服务新模式
 
  植保无人机飞防作业
 
  农机化服务是影响全程全面机械化进程的关键。三年创建,临潼区积极构建多层次、多功能、多形式服务的农机服务大格局。在农机技术服务上,结合区域种植的特点,建立生产示范基地示范田26个,分作物提出全程机械化技术模式、机具配套方案、作业规程,探索形成了一批诸如宽幅沟播、玉米密植“5335”、机收减损、产地烘干等新技术模式,树立恒远农机、金地农机等一批科技示范户,形成了可复制、可推广的典型。在生产服务上,依托农机合作社按照“整村推进,联村实施”的思路,做到连片、联耕、联种、联收,取代“自耕自种”,实现区域化、规模化、标准化种植,打通了中大型农机装备高效作业难的瓶颈。在人才服务上,强化农机职业技能开发,每年派出农机人员开展面对面的技术指导和服务800余人次,同时,定期组织现场观摩、技术培训等活动,通过课堂教育、田间培训、线上教学相结合,培育农机科技示范户200余人,实现了镇街全覆盖,有效解决了农机技术服务“最后一公里”问题。
 
  借风扬帆砥砺行,追赶超越正当时。下一步,西安市将以首个国家级全程机械化示范区的成功创建为新起点,全力推进农业生产全程全面机械化,支持更多区县创建国家级全程机械化示范区,不断开创西安市农机化工作的新局面,为乡村振兴贡献“机械”力量。
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