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2024年度农业主推技术——设施农业物联网关键技术及远程智能控制系统技术

2024-04-09 08:31:32 来源:内蒙古自治区农牧厅 阅读量:20388 评论

导读:虽然我国农业物联网建设还处于起步阶段,但在农业和农村信息化领域已经有了初步应用,如智能化培育控制、农产品质量安全、远程监测和遥感系统等。

  【农机网 科技创新

        一、技术概述
 
  (一)技术基本情况
 
  内蒙古处在北方高寒地区,蔬菜的生产离不开设施农业,但许多温室大棚仍采用传统的耕作方式使设施蔬菜种植品种与生长周期受到限制,光照,温度的粗放管理影响作物的产量和品质,急需要引入先进、经济的现代控制手段。
 
  当前,无论是能源的需求和供给矛盾,还是国家相关政策的扶持力度,都为物联网产品的发展提供了一个良好的契机。虽然我国农业物联网建设还处于起步阶段,但在农业和农村信息化领域已经有了初步应用,如智能化培育控制、农产品质量安全、远程监测和遥感系统等。物联网技术将传感器技术、网络传输技术、智能控制技术、互联网技术、新型智能算法等软硬件技术结合,应用于农业生产,将农业设施和设备实现互联接入,通过专业的物联网平台准确收集作物及环境的各种数据,通过使用基于物联网技术的检测、控制技术完成对农业产品的实时监控,采集多种作物与环境参数,如土壤温度、湿度、光照、二氧化碳浓度等,经智能算法分析这些实时数据,建立基于数据的科学智能管理,控制设备自动实现浇水、通风、补光、增加二氧化碳浓度等的自动控制。同时,农业物联网技术的应用,可实现农业设备的远程控制,生产经营者可通过APP操控卷帘机、电热风机、补光灯、电磁阀、二氧化碳阀门、自动放风开关等,极大的提高了农产品生产各个阶段的工作效率。例如,在种植和培育阶段,应用物联网技术分析实时的土壤情况,选择合适的农作物;在农产品的收获阶段,应用物联网技术实现经济、高效的信息采集,在种植收获阶段进行更精准的测算,从而提高农业生产效率、农产品质量。并且,引入远程视频监控,真正实现无人值守。
 
  (二)技术示范推广情况
 
  1.已完成单点控制器的研发,并在杭锦旗锡尼镇两个试点大棚区安装测试。包括控制半径2.5公里远程智能控制系统,以及控制半径5公里远程智能控制系统,现已投入试运行并推广应用。
 
  2.已基本完成单接入点的网络系统软硬件研发,并将投入测试;调整完善系统,并建立了2个样板推广试点。
 
  (三)提质增效情况
 
  1.经济效益
 
  可实现农业生产管理的精准化、远程化和自动化及农产品智能储运等技术的应用,有利于提高农业生产效率、降低循环流转成本、节约资源投入成本。项目区总投资收益率可达80%,净利润率50%,项目区农业生产具有较强的盈利能力和抗风险能力。
 
  (1)通过农业物联网精细化的种植培育方式和科学的监控管理模式,可提高农产品的产量。
 
  (2)降低农业生产各个环节的投入成本。由于采用最新的电子技术,提供远程手机监控,使用方便,可靠,帮助设施农业生产经营者极大的降低了人工成本,有效的减少了农业生产资料的投入。
 
  (3)通过农业物联网平台中的智能监控预警系统,能够及时有效的预防、治理农业灾害的发生,为农产品的丰收保驾护航,实现增产增收。
 
  (4)农业物联网平台的建立,可带动当地周边产业的发展,通过合作为当地经济发展,为基础设施的建立做出巨大贡献。
 
  2.社会效益
 
  (1)有效的整合了农业生产的信息资源,加快了农业信息化进程,加强了对信息资源的研究、开发和利用,从而可以随时掌握全市农业生产的实时动态,并可以有效的应对农业生产中出现的各种问题,提高反应速度,提出和实施相应措施,对保证各项农业生产的稳定发挥积极作用。
 
  (2)通过农业物联网平台的使用,带动更多的农业生产者增产增收,从中切实感受到农业物联网应用带来的便捷和实惠,进一步推动我市农业生产的数字化、信息化、智能化进程。
 
  (3)带动农业物联网技术相关设备和软件产业的发展等。
 
  (4)提供就业岗位。项目的实施能够为社会直接提供30个就业岗位,并通过上下游产业间接创造更多的就业岗位,能够为当地农业产业发展、带动社会就业、发展经济发挥积极的促进作用,具有良好的社会效益。
 
  (5)引进相关专业人才。项目的实施将与中国农业大学、中科院、北京科技大学、西安交通大学、内蒙古大学、内蒙古科技大学、内蒙古工业大学等高等院所建立长期稳定的人才培养计划,购置、引进国际国内先进设备的同时,不断加强同高校及科研院所的合作,引进业内高水平人才,建立创新研发团队。
 
  3.生态效益
 
  通过信息化管理农业生产,建立了生长数据的追溯系统,为用户提供放心的蔬菜、果品,从而进一步完善食品安全保障体系;科学有效的利用农业资源,做到节水、节肥,有利于农业生态环境,真正实现农业“环境可测量、生产可控、质量可追溯性”的目标,确保农产品质量安全,引领现代农业发展。
 
  二、技术要点
 
  示范推广设施农业物联网关键技术及远程智能控制系统技术,可以加快鄂尔多斯市信息化农业生产的建设步伐,推动鄂尔多斯市农业物联网技术向低成本、可靠性、节能型、智能化和环境友好型这五大方向发展,真正做到建立健全农业物联网配套设施,实施信息化农业管理模式,从而加快农业物联网平台的高效快速发展。
 
  (一)安装独立的控制系统
 
  建设以村庄为单位的温室大棚监控,每个温室大棚安装一套独立的控制系统,将独立的控制系统用RS-485总线接到一个无线节点,全村的大棚仅用一个无线接入点就可实现分户的单独控制,节省资源,降低成本。
 
  (二)采集农业生产数据
 
  农业生产数据的采集是由现场的传感设备经485总线通信方式传输到下位机,以STM32为主控芯片作为最小系统模块终端,负责传感器数据量采集,采集到的值可以由OLED模块实时显示,显示的数据量包括二氧化碳浓度、空气温湿度、土壤温湿度以及光照强度。
 
  (三)农业生产远程监控
 
  农业生产数据通过Wi-Fi通讯模块以EDP网络协议发送至云平台,经过云平台的数据解析后,用户可以在客户端(包括PC机的网页和手机APP)查看温室现场的实时数据。使用高清网络直播摄像头,将其地址链接到云平台,实现温室大棚的画面监控。
 
  (四)农业设备远程控制
 
  农业生产经营者可通过手机客户端的控制按钮,下发生产指令远程操控农业设备,经云平台数据解析后,通过Wi-Fi控制温室大棚里的设备,如卷帘机、电热风机、补光灯、电磁阀、二氧化碳阀门、自动放风开关等。
 
  (五)单个节点覆盖范围
 
  一个无线接入点可覆盖半径为2.5公里的区域。
 
  三、重点实施区域
 
  在杭锦旗锡尼镇,鄂托克前旗城川镇、达拉特旗树林召镇和准格尔旗十二连城乡建设4个核心项目区,每个核心项目区推广应用设施农业物联网关键技术及远程智能控制系统技术30亩,建立示范区面积300亩,辐射带动推广应用5000亩。
 
  四、预期成效
 
  项目实施后,可实现设施农业生产管理的精准化、远程化和自动化及农产品智能储运等技术的应用,有利于提高农业生产效率、降低循环流转成本、节约资源投入,降低农业生产各个环节的生产成本,有效的减少了农业生产资料的投入,提高农户的种植效益,总投资收益率可达80%,净利润率50%。
 
  通过农业物联网平台中的智能监控预警系统,能够及时有效的预防、治理农业灾害的发生,为农产品的丰收保驾护航,增加农户开展种植生产的盈利能力和抗风险能力,实现增产增收,真正实现农业“环境可测量、生产可控、质量可追溯性”的目标,确保农产品质量安全,引领现代农业发展。
 
  五、注意事项
 
  1.部分设施农业物联网有关技术性产品不成熟、感应器产品性能差且成本相对高,选购时要特别注意挑选。
 
  2.大力开展农业物联网示范工作,通过试验示范正确引导农民正确应用,进而推动农业物联网的广泛运用。
 
  3.通过开展农村科技远程教育普及设施农业物联网关键技术和远程智能控制系统技术,使农民改变陈旧的种植管理观念,快速接纳农业物联网这一新鲜事物。
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