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重庆:农户风险保障水平正持续提高

2022-07-07 16:47:36 来源:农机网整理发布 阅读量:28739 评论

导读:如今,农业保险“安全网”织得越来越牢,农民面对风险有了底气。

  【农机网 编辑视角】2007年起,中央财政为农业保险投保农户提供一定的保费补贴,拉开了发展政策性农业保险的序幕。2021年,中央财政拨付保费补贴333.45亿元,带动农业保险实现保费收入965.18亿元,为农业生产提供风险保障4.78万亿元。目前,中国农业保险保费规模已超越美国,成为全球农业保险保费规模最大的国家。
 
  同时,财政部等部门采取多种举措,不断加强农业保险保费补贴资金管理。今年初,财政部修订出台《中央财政农业保险保费补贴管理办法》,优化大宗农产品保费补贴比例体系和地方特色农产品保险奖补政策,促进承保机构降本增效,确保农业保险政策精准滴灌。《办法》提出,农业保险承保机构应当公平、合理拟订农业保险条款和费率,保险费率应当按照保本微利原则厘定,综合费用率不高于20%。如今,农业保险“安全网”织得越来越牢,农民面对风险有了底气。
 
  2021年末,重庆市农业保险覆盖主要粮食作物486.85万亩、主要畜牧品种792.87万头,为106.15万户(次)农户提供风险保障。2022年以来,农业保险前5月保费收入4.21亿元,保险保障金额268.7亿元,赔款金额2.13亿元,分别较去年同期增长27.48 %、20.66%、23.44%。
 
  近日,重庆市财政局修订出台《重庆市农业保险保费补贴管理办法》(以下简称《管理办法》)。《管理办法》重点对补贴标准、补贴范围、保障水平、绩效管理等方面进行调整优化。
 
  《管理办法》明确,重庆市农业保险补贴险种分两大类:一种是中央补贴险种,包括种植业的稻谷、小麦、玉米、油菜、大豆、马铃薯、主粮作物(稻谷、玉米)制种等直接物化成本保险;养殖业的能繁母猪、育肥猪、奶牛等生产成本保险;林业的公益林、商品林等再植成本保险。
 
  另一种是市级补贴险种,包括柑橘成本保险、生猪收益保险以及稻谷、玉米、马铃薯完全成本补充保险;区县优势特色农产品保险,每个区县不超过5个险种;根据我市农业产业发展重点,市财政局确定的其他险种。
 
  《管理办法》指出,农业保险补贴险种的保险责任涵盖我市主要的自然灾害、重大病虫鼠害、动物疾病疫病、意外事故、野生动物毁损等风险;有条件的区县可稳步探索将价格、产量、气象等变动因素作为保险责任。承保机构应当公平、合理拟定农业保险条款和费率。保险费率应当按照保本微利原则确定,严格控制经营成本,确保综合费用率不高于20%。
 
  补贴额度方面,《管理办法》要求,对区县开展的中央补贴险种,市级财政分类分档实施差异化补贴,重点体现对国家乡村振兴帮扶县、产粮大县、生猪调出大县,以及渝东北三峡库区城镇群、渝东南武陵山区城镇群区县等区县的支持。对养殖业中奶牛生产成本保险,中央财政、市级财政、养殖户分别按照50%、30%、20%比例承担保费。此外,市级财政每年按照不超过本级保费补贴年初预算总额的10%给予区县绩效奖励。
 
  此外,在补贴资金的管理上。《管理办法》对区县财政部门资金管理、预算安排、审核资料、拨付资金等方面提出要求,明确市与区县补贴资金清算程序和时间安排。在绩效管理和监督检查上。提出建立绩效运行、资金执行等动态监控机制,提高财政资金使用绩效;严格保费补贴行为、严肃财经纪律等。
 
  另悉,近期重庆市财政局、市农业农村委、重庆银保监局日前联合印发通知,要求今年起在万州、黔江等27个产粮大区(县)开展稻谷、玉米、马铃薯3种主要粮食作物完全成本保险,为农户提供更高水平的风险保障。
 
  完全成本保险包括粮食生产的直接物化成本、土地成本和人工成本等总成本,是在补贴直接物化成本保险基础上的补充和升级,有助于提高主粮作物生产的抗风险能力,促进农业产业发展和保障粮食安全。据初步统计,全市稻谷、玉米、马铃薯完全成本保险预计财政补贴保费1.11亿元,保额将达到30亿元。
 
  该保险责任覆盖了主要自然灾害、重大病虫鼠害、意外事故和野生动物损毁等风险。稻谷、玉米、马铃薯完全成本保险金额分别为每亩1100元、1100元、1240元,比原来的直接物化成本保险每亩增加了500元、500元、640元,保险金额分别增长83.33%、83.33%、106.67%。
 
  值得一提的是,主粮作物完全成本保险是政策性农业保险,有财政补贴。稻谷、玉米、马铃薯完全成本保险费率分别由直接物化成本保险的6%、6%、5%统一降低至4.5%,并且今年还调整了财政和农户的保费承担比例,财政补贴由原来的75%提高至80%,农户自缴保费比例由原来的25%降低至20%。与此同时,我市继续执行脱贫户保费补助政策,今年进一步降低脱贫户缴费比例,18个脱贫区县农户自缴保费比仅为15%。
 
  注:本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布,资料来源:人民日报海外版、华龙网-新重庆客户端、上游新闻、农业农村部信息中心。
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